What is the principle of the hematology analyzer?

Mechanized hematology analyzers' efforts on dissimilar principles. Most analyzers supplied by the Hematology Analyzer Suppliers are founded on a mixture of different principles.

Electrical impedance

This is the definitive and time-tested skill for counting cellular rudiments of blood. As this technique of cell counting was first advanced by Coulter Electronics, it is also named as Coulter principle. Two conductors positioned in isotonic solutions are disconnected by a glass tube having a small space. A vacuum is employed and as a cell passes through the opening, the flow of current is obstructed and a voltage beat is made. The necessary condition for cell counting by this technique is high thinning of the sample so that negligible numbers of cells pass through the opening at one point in time. There are two conductors on either side of the opening; as the mixture in which the cells are suspended is an electrolyte mixture, an electric current is produced between the two conductors.

When a cell passes through this narrow opening across which a current is flowing, alteration in electrical resistance (i.e. brief disruption of electrical current between the two conductors) befalls. A small beat is made due to a temporary surge in impedance. This beat is augmented, calculated, and counted. The height of the beat is relative to cell volume. The girth of the beat parallels with the time obligatory for the cell to negotiate the opening. Cells that do not pass through the center of the opening produce a slanted beat that is not illustrative of the cell volume. Some analyzers use hydrodynamic concentrating to force the cells through the dominant path so that all cells take the same path for volume dimension.

An anticoagulated whole blood example is enunciated into the scheme, alienated into two helpings, and varied with a diluent. One thinning is passed to the red cell opening bath (for red cell and platelet counting), and the other is transported to the WBC opening bath (where a reagent is supplemented for lysis of red cells and issue hemoglobin; this helping is used for leukocyte counting followed by approximation of hemoglobin). Particles between 2-20 fl are totaled as platelets, while those between 36-360 fl are totaled as red cells. Hemoglobin is projected by light broadcast at 535 nm.

Light scattering

Each cell streams in a single streak through a flow cell. A laser device is fixated on the flow cell; as the laser light ray strikes a cell it is dispersed in various tracks. One detector seizes the forward scatter light (forward angle light strew or FALS) that is comparative to cell scope and a second detector seizes side strew (SS) light (90°) that resembles the nuclear intricacy and granularity of cytoplasm. This concurrent measurement of light dispersed in two tracks is used for differentiating between granulocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes.


Fluorescence

Cellular fluorescence is used to calculate RNA (reticulocytes), chromosomes (nucleated red cells), and cell exterior antigens.

Light absorption

Absorption of hemoglobin is calculated by captivation spectrophotometry, after adaptation of hemoglobin to cyanmethemoglobin or some other composite. In some analyzers, found with Hematology Analyzer Suppliers in India peroxidase cytochemistry is used to categorize leukocytes; the peroxidase action is controlled by absorbance.

Electrical conductivity

Some analyzers use the conductivity of high incidence current to regulate the corporal and chemical configuration of leucocytes for their organization.

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